气传致敏花粉与哮喘病发病关系及花粉变应原免疫治疗效果的研究

Study on the effect of pollen allergen immunotherapy and the relationship of airborne pollen sensitizing and asthma

目的：探明空气中常见致敏花粉的种类、数量、季节分布与哮喘发病关系，指导哮喘病的预防、诊治和康复。方法：应用重力测量法，对淄博市空气中致敏花粉进行了１ 年的曝片调查。结果：全年曝片３６５ 张，共检出花粉１０８９８ 粒，３６ 科属，全年均可见到花粉飘散，并出现两次花粉飘散高峰期，分别在３～５ 月和７～９ 月。主要致敏花粉为蒿属、大麻 草属、悬铃木属和杨属等。应用本地致敏花粉抗原为３２０ 例哮喘患者做皮内试验，阳性率为７５．６％ ，对照组为１１．３％（Ｐ＜ ０．０１） 。采用花粉抗原为７３ 例哮喘患者进行特异性免疫治疗，有效率为９３．２％ ，对照组为４７．６％ （Ｐ＜０．０１）。结论：本项研究结果初步证实气传致敏花粉是哮喘的重要原因，花粉的飘散高峰期与花粉性哮喘病人的发病季节相一致。

Objective:To Explore the realationship of the kind、amount、season distribution of the common pollen sensitizing and asthma.Method:we use graritational measure method.Result:We surveyed the pollen sensitizing of air in ZiBo city with a year.We exposed 365 pieces one year and found out pollen 10898 grains,all of 36 aceae.The fluttered pollen were seen one year and had two peak.It was 3～5 months and 7～9 months.The principal pollen sensitizing in ZiBo city was Artemisia、Humulus.Platanus and Populus etc.Using pollen sensitizing antigen,We carried on 320 asthma patients with intradermal test.The positive rate was 75.6% and that of controls was 11.3%(P<0.01).With pollen antigen specificly immune treat 73 patients of asthma,the effective rate was 93.2% and that of controls was 47.6%(P<0.01).Conclusion:The study revealed that airborne pollen sensitizing was the main cause of Asthma and the peak of fluttered pollen sensitizing was the main cause of Asthma and the peak of fluttered pollen was consistent with the season of asthma.The pollen antigen was the specific immunotherapy.