3～4岁儿童攻击行为发展的追踪研究

A LONGITUDINAL STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF 3-TO-4-YEAR-OLD CHILDREN'S AGGRESSIVE BEHAVIOR

对 1 6 3名幼儿园小班儿童进行追踪观察 ,考察 3— 4岁期间儿童攻击行为的特点、发展模式及稳定性。主要获得以下结果 :儿童最普遍的攻击形式是身体攻击 ,言语攻击和间接攻击的发生率较低 ;大多数攻击行为属于主动性攻击和工具性攻击 ;男孩的攻击行为总体上多于女孩 ,但女孩的间接攻击多于男孩 ;儿童的攻击性在 3— 4岁之间无显著变化 ,但敌意性攻击存在随年龄增长而增加的趋势 ;3—

163children at a mean age of three year and a half were followed up for a year with the natural observation method used, in order to explore the characteristics, patterns of development and stability of aggressive behavior in early childhood. The main findings were: physical aggression was the most common form of aggression among 3-4-year old children, while the frequencies of verbal and indirect aggression were relatively low. The overwhelming majority of the aggressive events belonged to proactive and instrumental rather than reactive and hostile aggressive behaviors. In general, boys engaged in more aggressive behaviors than girls, but girls engaged in significantly more indirect aggression than boys. No significant changes were found in the overall level of children's aggression at the age 3 to 4,but hostile aggressive behavior tended to increase with children's age. Children of this age showed stable individual differences in aggression.