当代西方语言学理论与实践的人本主义研究取向

The Humanistic Research Orientation of the Three Major Contemporary Linguistic Theories in the West

本文简述了50年来西方语言学三个理论体系及其哲学基础,概括了以这些理论为基础的分支学科的语言研究实践,并考察分析了其中体现的人本主义研究取向.结语部分对这种取向做了两点评论:第一,语言学研究中的这种取向克服了费尔巴哈人本主义的形而上学的缺陷,使人本主义一词具有了更全面的内涵;第二,这种取向表现出一种从人类整体到社会群体再到社会成员的个体化趋势,这种趋势是人类认识能力从宏观到微观不断加深的一个标志.

Three major linguistic theories have been developed in the west in the last 50 years. This paper makes a brief survey of these theories and some new branches of linguistic studies, as well as their philosophical bases. Through this survey, a clear research orientation has been discerned and analyzed. The conclusion section has made two points of comment: first, this orientation has discarded the metaphysical shortcoming of the humanism initialized by L. J. Feuerbach, thus giving humanism a fuller connotation in linguistic research; second, this orientation manifested a clear trend of individualization, i.e. from the whole mankind to specific social groups, then to individual members of a society. This trend, as pointed out, represents the deepening process of man's understanding from the macroscopic to the microscopic.