中国西南地区木霉属分类研究

STUDIES ON THE TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS TRICHODERMA IN SOUTHWESTERN CHINA

从西南四省区(云、贵、川、藏)的土壤和其它样品中分离木霉301株,鉴定出9个木霉集合种(species aggregates) :哈茨木霉(Trichoderma harzianum Rifai),拟康氏木霉(T.pseudokoningii Rifai),长枝木霉(T.longibrachiatum Rifai),深绿木霉(T.atrovirideBissett),桔绿木霉(T.citrinoviride Bissett),绿色木霉(T.viride Pers.ex S.F.Gray),钩状木霉(T.hamatum(Bon)Bain),康氏木霉(T.koningii Oud.)以及黄绿木霉(T.aureoviride Rifai)。从各个样点收集的42种不同作物和其它植被土样中都分离到木霉;土样pH值为4—8.5,海拔300—5400m。以哈茨木霉和拟康氏木霉出现频率最高,分别为28.5%和21.1%,似为西南地区木霉优势种群,而绿色木霉、钩状木霉和深绿木霉很少分离到。这样的种群结构可能与西南地区气候和采样季节有关。

301 isolates of Trichoderma were collected mainly from soil samples and other materials in southwestern China (including Sichuan,Yunnann,Guizhou and Tibet).Nine Trichoderma species aggregates were identified according to the taxonomic system revised by Rifai and Bissett.They are T.harzianum Rifai,T.pseudokoningii Rifai,T. longibrachiatum Rifai,T.atroviride Bissett,T.citrinoviride Bissett,T.viride Pars.ex S.F.Gray,T.hamatum (Bon) Bain,T. koningii Oud.and T.aureoviride Rifai.Trichoderma could be isolated from a wide variety of soils in which 42 kinds of crops and some other plants were grown,and pH varied from 4 to 8.5.The vertical distribution ranges from 300 to 5400 m above sea level.The frequencies of appearance of T.harzianum and T.pseudokoningii are 28.5% and 21.1% respec- tively.They seem to be the dominant species of Trichoderma in southwestern China.T.viri- de,T. hamatum and T.atroviride,however,were rarely present.