古汉语中的“自”和“己”──现代汉语“自己”的特殊性的来源

“Zi”（自） and “Ji”（己） in Classical Chinese ──The Historical Source of the Peculiarity of “Ziji”（自己） in Modern Chinese

现代汉语的“自己”表现出不少特殊性，既有照应词的特征，也有指代词的特征，因而对“自己”的性质，学术界有不同的观点。在古汉语中，“自”是一个照应词，而“己”则是一个指代词。现代汉语的“自己”在形式和功能上是古汉语的“自”和“己”的并合。因而，从历时的角度看，对“自己”的照应指代词分析法是比较合理的。

The reflexive “Ziji”（自己） in modern Chinese is problematic to the Binding Theory in that it has some features of an anaphor and that of a pronoun at the same time. Different researchers have put forward quite a few hypotheses to solve this problem, but so far it still remains an open question. Historically, “Ziji”（自己） was derived from “Zi”（自） and “Ji”（己）. In classical Chinese, “Zi”（自） is an anaphor; while “Ji”（己） is a pronoun. “Ziji”（自己） incorporated the function of “Zi”（自） and “Ji”（己）, thus it exhbits two kinds of functions. From a diachronic point of view, the anapar pronoun hypothesis which treats “Ziji”（自己） as a special category, is reasonable.