从治民到官民互治——行政现代化历程分析

On the Development Progress of administrative Modernization

本文从行政现代化与现代化的相互关系切入 ,提出和初步论证了行政现代化对于现代化和法制现代化对于行政现代化的先行性问题 ,并试图对“行政”和“法律”作出新的解释 ,初步分析比较了中西方的法治传统 ,认为中国传统的德治和法治实质上都是人治 ,亦即官治 ,都是用于治民的 ;甚至从特定意义上说西方的法治主要也是用于治民的 ;认为中国社会主义的行政现代化应该走出法制的治民传统 ,实现“两个接轨”、“两个根本转变”,营造出官民互治的政治行政局面 ,以实现对近现代西方法治的赶超。

Starting off with the interrelation between administrative modernization and modernization, the paper puts forward and makes a preliminary discussion about the precedence of administrative modernization over modernization and that of the modernization of legal system over administrative modernization. Through a preliminary comparative analysis of the legal traditions of China and the West, the paper also tries to make new interpretations of “administration” and “law”. It deems that the ruling by morality and law in China's tradition is virtually the ruling by persons, that is by officials, and it is used to govern the people. In a way, Western laws are also designed to govern the people. The paper points out that, the modernization of China's socialism should break away from this tradition and try to realize the “two joints” and “two radical transformations” to create the political and administrative situation of mutual governing by officials and people and finally overtake the contemporary and modern laws of the West.