记忆研究的新取向

THE PRESENT ORIENTATION OF RESEARCH ON MEMORY

传统的记忆心理学实验研究,其理念是数量取向的,将记忆隐喻为储藏室;而在近期,记忆研究的理念正朝着准确取向转变,关注记忆是否与实际对应符合。文章对准确取向记忆研究的基本特征予以归纳和分析,并对其涉及的现象、问题和理论进行了介绍。

The traditional experimental study of memory adopts a quantity-oriented conception. In this conception, memory is regarded as a storehouse into which discrete items of information are initially deposited and then later retrieved, and memory is evaluated in terms of the number of items that can be recovered over some retention interval. Recently, however, memory study is turning to be on meaningful stimuli has almost always been found to be accuracy-oriented. In this accuracy-oriented approach, memory is viewed as a representation or reconstruction of past experience, and evaluated in terms of its correspondence or fit with past events. This present paper analyses the basic characteristics of the accuracy-oriented research, and discusses some of the theoretical issues that accuracy-oriented approach to memory must face.