摘要
在低坝或低佛氏数水跃消能中,宽尾墩的应用使水流结构发生了巨大变化。黄河大峡水电站溢洪道宽尾墩消能方案研究中,这一情况非常明显。这一特有的水流形态可称之谓宽尾墩水跃。本文首先对宽尾墩水跃的机理进行了定性描述,并且对宽尾墩水跃中几个关键问题进行了论述:通过波浪要素的量测,分析了宽尾墩对水跃的跃后波浪的抑制作用;通过流速和紊动强度的量测,计算,分析了宽尾墩水跃后紊动强度分布与消能效率;借助压力传感器和一套分析处理系统,揭示了宽尾墩水跃消力沲底板脉动荷载的变化规律。实验证明:与高坝宽尾墩消能相比,宽尾墩在低坝消能中同样十分有效。在低坝上采用墩——池结合的消能型式。可以有力地抑制下游波浪,稳定消能水体,调整流速分布,减小下游紊动强度增加低佛氏数水跃消能的消能率,减轻建筑物下游的冲刷。当然,在具体应用这一消能型式时,还要考虑工程涉及到的其他问题。
In present paper, qualitative description on mechanism of hydraulic jumps with wide-tail-piers have been given firstly. Wave redution due to the wide-tail-piers has been analysed by using mearsured wave variables. Finally, both the distribution of trubulent strength and the ratio of damping have been investigated quantitatively, and the changing regularity of trubulent loads on the bottem board of stilling basins have been revealed by means of pressure sensors and a data processing system.
关键词
底流消能
低佛氏数
宽尾墩
Energy dissipation by hydraulic jump, Low Froude numbers, Wide-tail-piers (stilling basins)
