意义-篇章模型及其释义功能

Towards the Meaning-Text Model and its Function of Lexical Definition

意义-篇章模型（MST）是一种研究意义与其表达形式之间对应关系的语言学理论,它由7个表义单元构成若干结构模块,从语义、句法、形态和语音等方面表述命题意义。MST的成果之一是应用该模型编出了一套4本《当代法语详解组配词典》,简称DEC。近年来MST越来越受到国际学术界的重视,并在句法、人工智能和机器翻译中得到卓有成效的应用。此外,语言学家们已把该理论应用于双语“详解组配”词典的研究和编纂,如西班牙、俄国、日本和韩国都在用该理论尝试编纂以本国语为目标语的双语词典,并取得很好的效果。

Meaning-Text model (MST in French), proposed by Mel'cuk and Zholkovskij in the 60s of last century, is based on the principle that language consists in mapping from the content or meaning of utterance to its form or text.The model is composed of some structural modules based on various levels of lexical representations, which are multi-faceted except the semantic level. These two aspects are demonstrated as its surface representations of phonology, morphology and syntax. The correspondence between adjacent levels is assured through a set of rules or components and the lexical meaning is revealed in the process of the mapping of representations at all levels, especially by way of semantic structure, sentence structure, and written or spoken forms of lexical units.One of the most important achievement of MST is the development of a formal lexicon based on the principle of Meaning-Text Theory Dictionnaire Explicatifet Combinatoire du Francais Contemporain (DEC), in which a formal description of French is given. In recent years MST attracts more and more attention from people in academic circles and has been successfully applied to Dependency Grammar, artificial intelligence and machine translation. Besides, linguists have introduced this theory into the compilation of bilingual explanatory and combinatorial dictionary. It is reported that lexicographers and linguists in Spain, Russia, Japan and South Korean have made initial achievements in making bilingual dictionaries with the mother tongue as the target language. The present paper is intended to discuss MST and its application in lexical definition.