欧盟国家女性在劳动力市场中的参与状况研究

A Study of the Participation of Women of the EU Countries In the Labor Market

在过去的几十年里，欧盟国家妇女在劳动力市场中的行为发生了巨大变化。如今，生育第一个孩子已经不再意味着妇女职业生涯的自动结束，有些妇女选择持续不断地工作；有些则在生育第二个孩子后停止就业；也有些只是暂留在家中照料年幼的孩子；许多妇女力求通过减少每周工作的时间将受薪的工作与家务中的照料工作兼顾。然而，这些方面的变化和发展并没有导致劳动力市场的更加平等。在欧盟国家，女性的失业率明显高于男性；工作中的性别隔离、男女的工资差别始终难以消除。从参与的性质上看，两性差别也十分明显：妇女在劳动力市场上的参与更具有不稳定、不规范性，失业的风险也更大。

In the last decades, throughout Europe, women's labor-market behavior is changing rapidly. Today, the arrival of a first child no longer means the automatic end of a woman's working life. Some opt to continue working or to stop after a second birth, others stay at home teporarily, while a number attempt to combine their paid work outside the home with their caring tasks by reducing their working week. However, these developments have not led to greater equality in the labor market. In many European Union countries, their unemployment rate is considerably higher than that of men. Job segregation between men and women is still considerable and wage differences hard to eradicate. Furthermore, there are also considerable differences in the nature of labor participation, women appear to be largely over-represented in atypical employment.