论语境科学定义的推导

On the Deduction of the Scientific Definition of Context

语境是当前语用学研究的一个热点。本文考察了当前关于语境的一些流行定义 ,指出这些定义都是常识概念。本文从上下文语境、现场语境、背景语境的分类入手 ,逐步推导出语境实际上是一种命题化的知识 ,这种知识必须与当前理解的主体话语有关 ,并且是交际双方所共有的 ,不过 ,语境知识的共有性只是发话者的估计的结果。最后 ,本文概括了语境参与话语理解的三种方式 ,从而建立了一个严密的、操作性强的语境的科学概念。

Context is the most frequently studied theme in pragmatics. This paper reviews some popular definitions of context, and points out that these definitions are common sense conceptions. Beginning with verbal context, present situation and background knowledge, this paper gradually concludes that the context is essentially propositional knowledge, which is shared by both communicators and related with the ungoing object utterance to be comprehended . On the other hand, the sharedness of context knowledge is the result of the speakers deduction. Finally, this paper generalizes the three modes through which context affects the comprehending of object utterance. In terms of these modes , it sets up the rigorous and manipulable scientific concept of context.