评欧阳修《易童子问》

On OU Yang-xiu's Questions Asked by the Lad Learning Yi

欧阳修《易童子问》认为 ,《易》之“十翼”各有瑕疵 ,其中纵有孔子之言 ,但非孔子之文章。本文认为 ,此论并非无可嘉许之处 ,但亦不免言过其实 ,而致疑于其所不应疑者。本文通过对“十翼”的逐一分析 ,得出结论 :《序卦传》与《杂卦传》确如欧阳修所言 ,既不具微言大义 ,也与孔子无关。《说卦传》与《周易》关系渺茫 ,以《说卦传》为孔子之所作 ,更属无稽之谈。大小《象传》之内容 ,则不离乎秦汉时代、以功名利禄为人生目的的俗儒之胸襟 ,亦可能为邹衍一派阴阳家言。而《彖传》乃《周易》哲学精义之所在 ,其中若干部分必在孔子之前已经集结。惟《文言传》与《系辞传》中所录孔子之言 ,必皆出于孔子及门弟子之手。欧阳修呼《系辞传》为“僭妄之书” ,且具有“害经惑世”之罪愆 ,未免有褊狭愚昧之失。文章还对欧阳修所指《系辞传》中三种成卦之法的不相容进行了辨析 ,指出 ,究实此三者所指不同 。

OU Yang xiu's Questions Asked by the Lad Learning Yi points out that there are different flaws in the 'ten chapters' of the Commentaries(Yi Zhuan) in Zhouyi, in spite of the fact that they include Confucius' sayings, yet they were not written by him. The paper holds that though this view point is praiseworthy, it overstated the fact too much that it suspected the aspects which ought not to be suspected. Having analyzed the 'ten chapters' one by one, the paper concludes: chapters of Xu gua Zhuan and Za gua Zhuan , as OU Yang xiu says, contain no deep connotations and have nothing to do with Confucius. It is absurd to advocate that Shuo gua Zhuan was written by Confucius, for it has hardly anything to do with Zhouyi. Xiang Zhuan reflected thoughts of scholars chasing for name and fortune in the Qin and Han dynasties;or it might be say ings of ZOU Yan's yin yang school. Philosophical essentials of Zhouyi dwells in Tuan Zhuan , several parts of which must have been piled before Confucius. Only the sayings of Confucius recorded in Wen yan Zhuan and Xi ci Zhuan were written by Confucius and his disciples. It is fantastic for OU Yang xiu to criticize Xi ci Zhuan as an 'overstepping and preposterous writing' and convict it of 'doing harm to the Classics and misleading people'. The paper also analyzed OU Yang xiu's view point of the incompatibility among the three methods of forming the hexagram referred to in Xi Ci Zhuan , pointing out that different methods stress different aspects compatible.