南极洲植物概况与研究展望

ON GENERAL ASPECTS OF THE ANTARCTICA PLANTS AND VEGETATION AND THEM PROSPECTS IN BOTANICAL RESEARCH

南极洲的植物主要由地衣、苔藓、藻类等组成。结合南极洲的自然条件，阐述了植物的分布概况，分析了南极洲和亚南极洲植物组成、植物群落类型、结构等方面的差异和共同点。三种植物成分之间常有混生、附生以及在演替上的取替现象，关系密切。根据植物间的这种关系，考虑南洲的实际情况和可能性，建议将三者作为统一体，共同研究以下方面的问题：（１）南极洲植物的起源，从而论证南极大陆和在它大陆的关系。（２）植物的抗寒。

The flora of the Antarctic mainly consists of lichens , bryophytes and algae . The author analysed the distribution of plants in relation to their environments ,floristic compositions, and types and structures of plant communities in both Antarctic and Subantarctic. A common property was recognized in both Antarctic and Subantarctic vegetation, i. e. , mixed growth, epiphytic growth and replacement in succession were often found among the lichens, bryophytes and algae. Based on the characteristics of plant and vegetation and research condition, the botanical research of Chinese group may focus on the following subjects: (1)The origin of the Antarctica plants . The relationship between Plant and vegetation on the Antarctic and on other continents ; (2)The mechanism of plant resistance to cold and to drought; (3)Antarctica terrestrial ecosystem research; (4)Biological diversity and its conservation; (5)Indication of the effects of Antarctic plants in environmental pollution ,climatic changes, chronology of glacier and mineral resources ; (6) Comparative study of alpine, Arctic and Antarctic plant.