非洲发展问题的文化反思——兼论文化与发展的关系

Cultural Reflection on African Development Problem

“发展的文化模式”始终困扰着非洲国家的领导人。在相当长时期内 ,非洲人在处理文化与发展的关系时 ,往往将两者对立起来 ,或侧重于捍卫非洲文化的“真实性”即民族性或特殊性。遗憾的是 ,非洲国家的现代化努力在相当大程度上也正是被这种“民族主义”的“反动”所抵消。在 2 0世纪 80年代开始的关于发展问题的文化反思中 ,非洲新生代知识分子的主流观点更倾向将二者有机地结合起来 ,提出了在发展中维护“非洲个性”的观点 ,并强调文化变迁在其间的作用。

The 'cultural mode of development' always troubles the leaders of African countries. In a quite long period, Africans often put culture and development in opposite or lay particular emphasis on safeguarding the 'reality'(i.e. nationality or specialty) of African culture. Unfortunately, the endeavor of modernization of African countries has been offset by this kind of 'reaction' of 'nationalism' to a large extent. In the cultural reflection concerning development problem since 1980s, the new generation intellectuals of Africa have intended to combine the two organically. They put forward the view of defending 'African individuality' in the process of development, and stress the role of cultural changes in it.