“及物性”特征与相关的四类动词

'Transitivity' and Four Classes of Relevant Verbs

把动词分成“及物动词”和“不及物动词”的传统做法解释不了许多语法现象。根据有无带受事名词词组的潜在能力，动词应该分成“不及物动词”“潜及物动词”“单及物动词”和“双及物动词”四类。本文提供了支持这一分类的种种证据，讨论了跟四类动词相关的种种语法理论问题。我们认为，“双宾语句式”（组合关系）和“双及物动词”（聚合关系）是两个有关但是性质不同的概念，让二者脱钩有助于解释一些语法现象，避免一些不必要的困惑。

The traditional classification of verbs into transitive and intransitive verbs is useful but not enough. According to their potential capacity of taking up a patient NP or patient NPs （i.e., transitivity）, we would sub-categorize verbs into four classes: intransitive, quasi-transitive, mono-transitive, and di-transitive verbs. It has been demonstrated that a set of language facts can be properly captured and explained under this new verb classification, and it has been argued that double-object constructions should be de-linked from di-transitive verbs whereby the former is syntagmatic but the latter associative. Some crucial theoretical issues with more general implications are also brought up and discussed in connection with this verb classification.