藏汉混合语“倒话”述略

A Survey of Daohua, a Sino-Tibet creole

“倒话”是新近发现的、分布于青藏高原东部腹地的一种特殊语言，是青藏高原东部藏语使用区汪洋大海中一个小小的“语言岛”。一方面，词汇上主要来自汉语，其基本词汇中来自汉语的词占绝对优势地位；另一方面，在语法结构层面上又与藏语有着高度的同构关系；这是倒话的基本特征。但是，作为一种用作母语的严密而完备的语言，绝非简单地是用藏语语法去组织汉语词汇。倒话拥有作为特定言语共同体的第一交际语和孩子们学习的母语的，适应交际需要的相当丰富的词汇、完备严密的语音语法体系，充分表现了一个具有独立品质语言的特质。本文主要介绍倒话的语音、词汇和语法特征。

Daohua is a special kind of language in the east of Tibet Plateau. It is a small 'language island'in the Tibetan ocean. On one hand, the vocabulary of Daohua mainly comes from the Chinese in which the basic vocabulary takes the precedence. On the other hand,Daohua has the same syntactic structure as the Tibetan. Those are the essential features of Daohua.As an independend language,it does not simply apply Tibetan grammar to organize the Chinese vocabulary. It has its own vocabulary, abundant and adapted to communication. It also has its grammatical system which is wellorganized. Daohua has an independent language property. This paper mainly introduces the phonetic, vocabulary and grammar feature of the Daohua.