第24～26届奥运会各竞技强国优势竞技运动项目研究

Study on the Advantage Sports of the Sports Powers at the Seoul Barcelona and Atlanta Olympic Games

研究目的 :探讨第 2 4～ 2 6届奥运会各体育强国的优势项目群及其动态消长 ,并与我国进行比较 ,以为我国“奥运争光计划”的完善、发展提供参考。研究方法 :文献资料法、数理统计法、归纳法。主要结果和结论 :(1)各竞技体育强国均有特色性的优势项目群 ,其涵盖面大小及其竞争质量决定了它们的竞争地位 ;(2 )我国优势项目群具有鲜明的项群特征 ,主要集中于技能主导类表现难美性和隔网对抗性项群。与美、俄、德相比 ,我国体能主导类项群对奥运奖牌总量的贡献率太小 ;(3)第 2集团国家的奥运竞争将更加激烈 ,特别是第 2 7届奥运会的东道主澳大利亚优势项目群的平均动态消长率已超过我国 ,其游泳项目的迅速崛起与近年来我国游泳项目的状态低迷形成了鲜明对比 ,从而使我国在第 2 7届奥运会将面临着空前的竞争压力。建议 :依据澳大利亚优势项目群集中于体能主导类的特点 ,我国的悉尼奥运备战应在确保体操、跳水、乒乓、羽毛球、射击、举重等传统优势项目水平的前提下 ,对游泳项目予以特别关注 ,力争使该项目有所起色 。

Based on literature and statistics, the dynamic growth and decline of the advantage sports of the sports powers at the Seoul, Barcelona and Atlanta Olympic Games were studied and compared with China. The results indicate that 1. Each sports power has their own superior sport events, of which the amount and quality determine the country's position in the competition; 2. China's superior sports are strongly featured by groups, such as diving, gymnastics and racket balls, but her sports involving body energy got much less medals than USA, Russia and Germany; 3. Australia, the host country of the 27th Olympic Games, has made great progress in her superior sports especially in swimming. It is suggested that besides maintaining the traditional superior sports such as gymnastics, diving, table tennis, badminton, shooting, weightlifting, China should also give more attention to the improvement of swimming.