清代对新疆的开发

Exploitation of Xinjiang Province in Qing Dynasty

１７６０年，清政府完成了对新疆的统一后，为开发新疆采取了一系列措施：（１）新疆建省前，伊犁将军为清政府在新疆的最高军事、行政长官，代表清政府总揽全疆各项军政事务。１８８５年新疆建省后，改革了军政体制，行省取代了军府制，实现了新疆与祖国内地行政制度的统一，新疆的治理由此进入了一个新的历史阶段。（２）屯田置牧、发展贸易、开矿设厂、筑路兴学、培养人才、巡边守土。以上一系列措施对维护国家统一，抵制外敌入侵，都有着不可磨灭的巨大作用。

Qing government had finished the unitary of Xinjiang in 1760, a series of step were accepted for the exploitation of Xinjiang. (1) Before the establishment of Xinjiang province, General Yili was the highest official of the military circles and the political circles that represented Qing government in the grasp of affairs for the military and the politics. (2 ) After the establishment of Xinjiang province in 1885, the systems of military and politics were reformed, and the establishment of province is in place of the systems of military state. The systems of political circles were in agreement with those of the inland in China. From this reform the administer of Xinjiang province entered a new step of history. The concentration of land for the pasture, development of trade, the opening the mine, establishing the factory, building the road, constructing the school, training the talent, defending the frontier and protecting the borderland etc., a series of step were of far reaching importance to the protecting unitary of nation and defending the frontier of invaded by foreign enemy.