朱熹与王夫之的性情论之比较

Comparison of Zhu Xi's and Wang Fuzhi's disposition theory

朱熹主张“恻隐是情”、“四端皆情” ,强调道德情感与道德理性的互动。王夫之则严格区分“四端”、“七情” ,批评朱子“以性为情、以情知性” ,混淆了性与情、道心与人心的界限 ,认定已发的道德情感仍然是“性”而不是“情”。王夫之对于“情”的警惕防范 ,超过了朱子。两人均认同情才本于性。但朱子的思考重点是“心”“性”“情”一体三分 ;王夫之的思考重点则是以“性”(道德理性 )为轴心 ,从“性”“气”二本出发来说明“情”“才”的善与不善 ,力图通过“正情”“尽才”“功效”以“尽性”

Zhu Xi argued that “Compassion is feeling” and “Four Ends are Feeling”, and insisted that moral feeling and moral reason are mutual affected. Contrarily, Wang Fuzhi strictly distinguished “Four Ends” and “Seven Feelings”, he criticized Zhu Xi's argument that “Regarding nature as feeling, understanding nature through feeling” and thus confused the limit between nature and feeling as well as between natural principles and human thoughts, so Zhu regarded expressed emotion as nature rather than feeling. Wang Fuzhi was more precautious and vigilant against “feeling” than Zhu Xi. Both Wang and Zhu approved that feeling and talent are rooted in nature. But Zhu laid thinking emphasis on that the separated three-“mind”, “nature” and “feeling” forming a organic whole; Wang laid thinking emphasis on that the “nature” is center and that it should be based on the two roots of “nature” and “Qi” in order to interpret whether the “feeling” and “talent” are good or not, he tried to fulfill the “nature” completely by “correcting feeling”, “completely using talent” and “making best effects”.