论两汉民间的巫与巫术

Commentary of folk witches and witchcrafts in two-Han Dynasty

两汉时代是中国古代宗教的萌生阶段 ,民间社会充满着浓厚的神鬼气氛 ,巫与巫术盛行。巫蛊术、祝诅术、降神术都与民众生活息息相关 ,是人们生活中的一个有机组成部分。但汉代的巫并没有转化成相对独立的宗教僧侣集团 ,而是一分为二 ,或成为朝中辅佐君王与天沟通的工具 ,或成为民间生活中不可或缺的一部分。到东汉时代 ,巫的功能进一步下移 。

Two-Han Dynasty was a period in which Chinese ancient religions was germinated, the atmosphere in folk society was full of ghosts and spirits and, witches and witchcrafts were very popular. Witchcrafts which aimed to confuse people, to bring disaster upon people and to contact with spirits were closely linked with and became a part of people's life. However, witches in Han Dynasty did not turn into religious clergy groups, they were divided into two parts: one went to royal government and became a tool of helping emperor to contact with God; one kept in folk society and became a indispensable part of folk life. In East-Han Dynasty, witches' function was lowered further and completely became a group of in society.