《突厥语词典》语言被动态及其被动结构研究

A Study on the Passive Voice in the Language in Divanu Lughat-it-Turk and Its Structures

本文讨论了 １１世纪《突厥语词典》语言动词被动态标记的类型及其来源、被 动结构的主要类型、被动结构中的施事标记及其发展问题。作者认为，始见于 １１世 纪的古代突厥语被动结构中的施事标记－Ｄ（－ＧＡ）和－Ａ（－ＤＩＮ）是一种后起的重要语法 现象，１４世纪后，逐渐为专门的施事标记 ｔａｒａｆｉｄａｎ 和 ｂｉｌａｎ所取代，其中，前者为被动 结构中有生命意义的施事标记，后者为无生命意义的施事标记。

In the first part of the paper, the type of the marks for passive voice in the language of the 11 th century's Divanu Lughat-it-Turk and their originals are discussed. The main types of structures of the voice, the agent marks and their evolutions are discussed in the second and thick parts separately. The author holds that the passive marks -D (-GA) and -A (DIN ) in 11 th century's Turkic language were not the original, and replaced gradually by special agent marks tarafidan for animate agents and bilan for inanimate agents.