箱形长钢梁内焊接危害分析与对策

ANALYSIS AND STRATEGY ON THE WELDING HAZARDS INSIDE THE LONG STEEL BOX BEAMS AND THE DISPOSAL TO THESE HAZARDS

大跨度起重机箱形梁,因结构强度的要求,需要从两端进入梁内施焊。由于截面小、长度大,作业中产生大量烟尘、毒气,不能及时排出,严重损害工人身体健康。特别在高温季节,焊接热又使梁内温度增高,操作者闷热难忍,危害身心健康,影响工作效率。本文在实验研究基础上,分析了箱形长钢梁内多人焊接时,产生的烟尘、毒气及其分布情况,并“以人为中心”,剖析各种解决焊接危害技术的特点,提出适用于截面在1～2m^2、长度在30～50m范围的钢梁内多人施焊时的排烟降温对策。

Abstract In order to meet stress requirements the welding of the steel plates in the long steel box beam of great span bridge cranes often requires welders to operate from its both ends. In the limited space with narrow section and big length, a large amount of fumes and hazardous gases cannot be exhausted promptly. This situation severely impaires the welder's health. Besides, the heat from welding results in the higher temperature which is sultry and intolerable for the welders who work inside the beam, especially in hot seasons. Gradually, these welders'productivity is greatly reduced because their health is damaged. We analyzed, the fumes, the hazardous gases and their distributions, inside the long box beam. Taking human beings, workers, as the center of the consideration, Various solutions to the hazard are dissected. Furthermore some fumes are exhausted from the steel box beams sultable for their sections ranging from 1 square meter to 2 square meters and their lengthes from 30m to 50m when several worke are welding inside at the same time.