放牧生态学与牧场管理

Grazing Ecology and Its Application in Pasture Management.

本文综述了放牧生态学的基本原理及其在牧场管理中的应用。放牧生态学是研究草地放牧生态系统中草畜关系的草地科学中的一个分支。它的主要内容包括放牧过程中牧草丛中物质和能量循环,家畜的采食行为,家畜与牧地草丛的关系及其相互作用和牧场管理的优化模式。放牧过程中牧地草丛内的物流和能流循环是维持放牧生态系统平衡的重要基础,草丛中的植物组织物质循环,特别是其生长和萎蔫死亡的动态分析,是放牧管理的重要理论依据。文章对于牧地草丛内组织物质循环进行了重点分析,同时也对牧场管理中的草畜平衡作了简要的论述。建议在中国各类型草地上应用放牧生态学理论开展放牧管理研究,以推动草地管理的理论和实践及畜牧业生产水平的发展,实现草地畜牧业生产的优化模式。

This paper summarized the principle of grazing ecology and its application in pasture management. Grazing ecology focuses on the relationship between pasture and drazing animals. The flux of tissue and energy in the grazing sward maintains the balance of this system, while the analysis of the tissue turnover in grazing sward,such as the process of growth and senescence in the sward,provides the basic information for effective pasture utilization. The grazing system,the process of tissue turnover in grazing sward, the effect of defoliation on tissue turnover under continuous and intermittent systems, and the balance of pasture andanimal production were diseribed.