“国民”之发现─—1903年上海国民公会再认识

The Discovery of "the Citizenry":Re-consideration of the Shanghai "Citizens'Association"of 1903

国民公会是革命派和保皇派人士共同参与发起和组织的，它的出现反映了中国社会各阶层民众国家观念和国民意识的增强及当时社会结构的错动，也反映了士与农、工、商诸阶层相结合，全国人民加强团结，一致对外的历史趋势。围绕国民公会的成立与解体，人们对爱国与革命的关系有了更深刻的认识。此外，国民公会还具有‘国民外交”与自治运动的意义。

This article re-considers the 'Citizens'Association.' The author argues that the association was jointly sponsored and organized by revolutionaries and royal- ists.Its appearance reflects the strengthening of the concept of a mass state and national consciousness among Chinese people in every stratum of society,and also reflects shifts in the social structure at that time,and a historical trend towards integration between intellectual,peasant, worker and commercial classes,in- creased unity among the people nationwide, and a unified opposition against the foreign powers. Through the establishment and disintegration of the'Citizens' Association',People achieved a deeper realization of the relationship between pa- triotism and revolution.In addition,the 'Citizens'Association' Had significance for 'national diplomacy' and the self-government movement.