流行性出血热动物宿主感染特征的比较分析

An Investigation on Wild Animal Reservoir Infected with Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever

1991年9月在云南省水富县进行了一次流行性出血軳热(EHF)宿主动物调查,捕获302个动物,计7种,其中4种动物肺(黑线姬鼠,褐家鼠,軳(?)和小家鼠)抗原阳性,平均阳性率7.6％。204个动物同时采集到血清,血清的血抑(HI)抗体平均阳性率29.4％,平均总感染率为31.9％。总感染率远高于肺抗原阳性率。幼年和成年黑线姬鼠、褐家鼠的总感染率差别不显著。但雄性黑线姬鼠总感染率显著高于雌性,而褐家鼠却无这种差别。分析还表明雄性黑线姬鼠抗原和抗原+抗体阳性率高于雌性,而雌性的抗体阳性率与雄性相近,提示雄性黑线姬鼠的感染率高且持续时间长,雌性可能有较强的清除抗原的能力。雄性黑线姬鼠的抗原、抗体和抗原+抗体阳性率均高于雄性褐家鼠,说明它是一个重要的宿主动物。黑线姬鼠和褐家鼠携带抗原的时间可能是有限的。

An investigation on wild animal reservoir was carried out in Shuifu, Yunnan Province, in September 1991. 302 animals (belonging to 7 species) were caged. Apodemus agrarius, Rattos norvegicus, Sorex araneus and Mus muscolus were found positive for HFRS antigen in lung (7.6％). 204 serum Specimens were collected from the 302 animals. There were 60 sera tested positive for HI antibody to HFRS (29. 4％). The total prevalence rate of HFRS infection was 31. 9％ in these animals. It was found that the total prevalence rate in male A..agrarius was significantly higher than that in female, but no such difference was observed in R. norvegicus. In A. agrarius, the male had significantly higher rates of antigen positivity and of total HFRS infection; the HI antibody rate in the female was almost the same as in the male. It was sug- gested that male A. agrarius had a high and persistent rate of virus carriage while female A. agrarius had a higher ability to clear the HFRS antigen. The rates of HFRS antigen, serum HI antibody and antigen with serum HI antibody in male A. a- grarius were significantly higher than those in male R. norvegicus. Therefore, A. agrarius was an important animal reservoir for HFRS. It was also found that the persistent peri- od of HFRS antigen in A. agrarius and R. norvegicus may not be indefinite.