满语动词的连用形式与副动形式

The Linking Uses and Verbal Forms of Manchu Verbs

在满语中，动词是最为活跃的一种词类。按其形态划分，可分为有形态变化的动词和无形态变化动词。有形态变化的动词，变化形态极为丰富。其形态之变化，体现在词干上可以缀接多种多样的附加成份。依赖不同的附加成份，有形态变化的动词具备时、态、式的语法范畴；依赖相同或不同的附加成份，有形态变化的动词又有连用、副动形式。本文就其连用形式、副动形式稍作阐述，并就两者之异同，略加比较，期于利用满文资料从事历史、语言研究者有所裨益。不当之处，诚望读者批评指正。为行文之方便，凡有形态变化的动词，下文均省称动词。

The verb is the most dynamic part of speech in Manchu. Mo rphologically, verbs are divided between those with morphological changes and th ose with no morphological changes. Those with morphological changes are rich in its morphological changes, which are reflected by the various affixes to the ste m. Depending on the affixes, verbs with morphological changes take on grammatica l categories of tense, mood, and mode. With the same or different affixes, verbs with morphological changes have joining and adverbial forms. This article elabo rates upon the joining forms and adverbial forms and makes a comparative analysi s of the similarities and differences of the two in hope of being beneficial to researchers of history and language through Manchu documentation. In case of ina ppropriateness, the author sincerely welcomes comments and suggestions. For co nv enience of writing, verbs with morphological changes are all referred to as verb s.