良渚文化的初步分析

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF THE LIANGZHU CULTURE

良渚文化遗址到目前为止已发掘数十处，多为墓葬。本文主要利用墓葬材料并结合部分居址材料首先对良渚文化陶器进行细致分析，然后运用类型学方法和地层关系进行分期。

Based on the typological study of Liangzhu culture pottery,the present article discusses systematically the periodization,dating,and spatial scope of the culture,as well as the intracultural differences between the Liangzhu,Jiaxing and Suzhou-Shanghai areas at different developmental stages.It also clarifies the relationship of inheritance between the Liangzhu and the Songze cultures.Furthermore,the author examines the numerous elements of Liangzhu culture recorded in eastern and southwestern Zhejiang,southern Anhui,Nangjing-Zhenjiang region,southern Shandong and northern Jiangsu,and even whole southern and northern China,inquires into their characteristics,differences and similarities in distribution,and points out that it had strong relationship with the expansion and extinction of the culture.In addition,the author analyzes the culture's tombs and residential sites,and believes that class differentiation had been emerged by that time and that the regional union might have been formed.At the turn from the second to the third phase of the culture,its center was moved from Liangzhu town to the area around Shanghai and Suzhou.In the process of moving,the Liangzhu culture expanded its territory on a large scale.Finally,the author puts forward his view from the humanity and environmental angles to account for the expansion and the subsequent extinction. By comparing the social differentiation and ritual and religious practices in the Liangzhu culture with those in other early civilizations of China,he also advances that the Liangzhu culture entered civilized society in the second and third phase and played an important role in the formation of the early civilization in the Central Plains.