夏家店上层文化青铜器研究

ON BRONZES OF THE UPPER XIAJIADIAN CULTURE

在中国北方草原地带诸多青铜文化中，夏家店上层文化具有特殊的地位和作用。从考古学角度对其文化内涵进行深入分析，是考察北方草原民族青铜文化特征、发展历程及其与周邻文化交流模式的有效途径。

The bronzes of the upper Xiajiadian culture are mainly distributed in the reaches of Xilamulun River valley and the area to its north,the Laoha,Mengke and Jiaolai river valleys,and the area from the eastern foot of Nuluerhu Mt.To the upper valley of the Daling River,with the upper and middle reaches of the Laoha River and its tributary Kundu River as the areas of the densest distribution.These bronzes are rich in type and form. According to function,they can be classified into weapons,tools,horse and chariot fittings, utensils for daily use,ornaments and miscellany;chronologically,they are divided into eight stages.The first stage is the initial period and corresponds roughly to the early Western Zhou;the second to fourth stages are the period of increasing development,and cover the temporal scope from the early middle to the early late Western Zhou;the fifth stage,the flourishing period,approximately from the late late Western Zhou to the early Spring and Autumn period;and the final three stages are the period of gradual disappearance and can be assigned respectively to the early and late mid-phase and late phase of the Spring and Autumn period. The bronzes of the upper Xiajiadian culture appropriately absorbed and inherited lots of strong points of the bronze cultures developing in the steppes of northern China during the Shang and Zhou period and exerted a deep-going influence on the Shiertaiyingzi culture in the adjacent eastern area,through which the short bronze sword with a short handle and that with a T-shaped handle and a bent blade were spread to the middle Liaohe River valley. Moreover,certain influence from the upper Xiajiadian can also be traced in the cultural complex represented by the bronze dagger with a straight blade distributed in the Jundu and Yanshan Mrs.areas,as well as in bronze and iron cultures existing in the Ordos region.On the other hand,the bronze ritual instruments and weapons imported from the Central Plains played a noteworthy role in the richening of the connotations of the upper Xiajiadian bronzes.