“pun”与“双关”辨异

Distinctions between“pun”and“shuangguan”

pun与“双关”长期以来被视为英、汉对等修辞格；实际上，两者并非处处对应。首先，“双关”，即“一语双关”；但pun除了“一”语双关外，还可以“二”语双关，即利用“两个”（有时甚至两个以上）同音或同形异义词、近音词或者多义词来做文章。这类pun专称“antanaclasis”或“ploce”，相当于汉语另一修辞格“换义”。再则，“双关”必为“双”重含义；而pun没有“双”的语义成分，可以“多”关。本文论证了pun与“双关”的主要区别。

pun and “shuangguan” have long since been taken for the two equivalent figures of speech in English and Chinese, however, they are in fact not always corresponding to each other. First, “shuangguan”, i.e. one term for two meanings; but pun, on top of “one” term for two meanings, may also employ “two” terms for two meanings, i.e. a play upon two (sometimes even more) homophones, homographs, near homophones or polysemous lexemes, which is also termed “antanaclasis” or “ploce”, equivalent to another figure of speech in Chinese “huanyi”. Then, “shuangguan” should be created only for “double” sense while pun, without the semantic component “double”, may be in “multiple” sense. This paper expounds and draws principal distinctions between pun and “shuangguan”.