试论“也”字句的歧义

On the ambiguity of the ye sentence

由于"也"具有任意的类同追加性,因此同一个"也"字句的话语中心可以各不相同,蕴含的前提也就不同,因而每一个"也"字句都有产生多种意义的可能。"也"字句歧义的取值范围可以用下式表示:q>p≤2^(n-F)-1。"也"字句的歧义就其本质而言是语用平面上的歧义,与语法范畴关涉不大。有人曾试图用语法平面的分析代替这种由语用造成的、由语音规则解释的歧义现象的分析,其结论必然是不可靠的。由于"也"字句歧义是语用平面上的歧义,因此消除歧义也只能使用语用手段。在口语交际中,可以通过语调中心来确定话语中心,从而排除歧义;在书面语中可以通过现实前提和意念前提来确定相对应的话语中心,从而排除歧义。"也"字句歧义在分析性语言里是普遍存在的,但在粘着语中,比如日语,由于"也"(も)的类同追加语义与语法的结构形式相统一,因而排除了产生歧义的可能。

The sentence containing ye carries the implication that the sentence meaning is analogous to that of the preceding overt or covert sentence. Since the analogical relation is free, the focus of the ye sentence varies, and ye has acquired various uses. As a result, one and the same sentence with ye may fulfil multiple discoursal functions, or carry different presuppositions. The scope of values of the ye sentence can be captured by the formula: q>p≤2^(n-F)-1. Its ambiguity is essentially at the level of pragmatics other than syntax. The ambiguity can be disambiguated by confirming the discoursal center via the i■ation center in speech and via presupposition of reality and thought in writing.