卫星遥感评估黄淮海平原综合治理成效及开发潜力

Evaluation of the Reclaim in Huanghuaihai Plain by Satellite Remote Sensing

一、引言 黄淮海平原是我国也是亚洲最大的平原,它由黄河、淮河、海河等三条河系长期泛滥冲积而成。这里土层深厚,地形平坦,总面积达35万平方公里,耕地、人口都占全国六分之一强,是中华民族文化的发祥地之一。但自有史记载以来,旱、涝、盐碱、风沙等灾害在这里频频发生,使之成为全国最主要的贫穷低产区之一。新中国成立后,政府实施大规模经济建设,先后对淮河、海河、黄河及广大平原地区开展综合治理,耗资数百亿元。为了全面评估黄淮海综合治理已取得的实际成效及进一步开发利用潜力,作者在承担六五科技攻关任务中。

Huanghuaihai Plain is the largest plain in China and in Asia as well, where disasters,such as drought,flood,waterlogging ,soil salinization and sandy wind occurred frequently in the past. In order to objectively assess the effects of comprehensive harness during the 1960-1970s,an overall investigaton of the whole plain was conducted and the low-yield soil de-stribution map at the scale of 1 ?500000 was drawn up based on the visual interpretation of MSS. Then in several typical regions,some experiments for probing into the feasibility of land resource inventory,agricul-. tural develapment planning and landuse change monitoring at the county level (at 1:50000 scale) by using TM and SPOT images were carried out. An integrated optical-computer processing technique for composing good color TM images at the scale of 1:50000 and a series of image processing methods for monitoring landuse changes have been developed.