简牍制度新探

New Research on the System of Wooden and Bamboo Documents

本世纪以来，古代简牍实物大量出土，为我们讨论简牍制度提供了丰富的材料。1912年，寓居日本的王国维受到斯坦因从敦煌长城烽燧遗址发掘的简牍和橘瑞超从新疆所获简牍资料的启发，撰写了《简牍检署考》，广采文献所记，详考简册版牍之制度。其后，讨论简牍制度者甚多，重要的有1939年傅振伦著《简策说》(《考古》社刊第6期)，1957、1960年劳干分别发表《居延汉简图版、考释之部》(史语所专刊二十一、四十)，1964年陈梦家著《实物所见简牍制度》(《武威汉简》，文物出版社，1964年)，

Unearthing of large amounts of ancient wooden and bamboo documents in the twentieth centuryenables us to talk about their system. Basing himself on research of previous scholars, the author of thisessay discusses the subject drawing on recently unearthed data. According to him, funerary inventories from the Chu tombs of the Warring States vary in sizeaccording to status of different tomb owners. And so do official documents, dependent upon how impor-tant their contents were. As the book, if it was considered great, it was made big. This also holds trueof creeds and laws. So, time and type must be brought into account in any discussion of the system ofancient wooden and for documents. The system has changed from time to time, from one socialclass to another. There existed no such thing as a universal, constant rule.