植物性气管支气管异物的X线诊断

X-ray diagnosis of foreign body in bronchus and vegetable trachea

目的:探讨植物性气管、支气管异物容易发生的部位及形成机理，并讨论其Ｘ线诊断。资料与方法：选取经纤维支气管镜取出证实、资料完整的３０例，男１８例，女１２例，最大年龄４ 岁，最小年龄１１个月，平均约２ 岁，临床上全部有吸入异物史，病史最长者３个月，最短者２０分钟，主要症状为吸入异物后剧烈咳嗽和气管内“呼噜”声、发憋等，病史长者可出现发热等症状。方法：采用胸片前后位并结合胸部透视观察。结果：左侧支气管异物１７例（约占５７％）；右侧支气管异物５例（约占１７％），气管内下端７例，声门处１例，共计８例（约占２７％）；花生米性异物或其碎块２０例，瓜子性９例，豆粒１例。 结论：胸片双肺对比结合胸部透视双膈对比是植物性气管支气管异物定位的最佳方法，“轻型”支气管异物宜停留在左侧。

Objective: To explore the susceptible location of foreign body in bronchus and vegetable trachea and its mechanism. Methods: The foreign bodys were taken out through fiber tracheobronchoscopy. Of the patients, 18 were male, 12 female. The oldest was 4. 2 years old, the youngest was 11 months. The average age was 2. 3 years old. All the patients had the history of taking in foreign bodys, the longest case history was 3 months the shortest was 20 minutes. The main symptoms of the patients were cough badly or losing one's breath and etc. Some patients with long case history had a high fever. The foreign bodys were confirmed by comparing the posterior and anterior parts of the chest - radiography and the fluoroscopy of chest. Results: There were 17 patients whose foreign bodys were in the left side of bronchus(5. 7% ). 5 were in the right side of bronchus(17% ), 7 were in the lower part of trachea, 1 was in the glottis. There were 20 patients whose foreign bodys like peanut, 9 like melon seeds, I like beau. Conclusion: Comparing the posterior and anterior parts of the chest radiography with the comparison of double diaphragm and fluoroscopy of chest is the best way to find out the location of foreign bodys in bronchus and vegetable trachea.' Light foreign bodys' are easily found in the left side of bronchus.