1Paul A. Cohen, Discovering History in China :American Historical Writing on the Recent ChinesePast, New York: Columbia University Press, 1984,pp. 169-172.
2Paul K. T. Sih ed. , Nationalist China During the Sino-Japanese War, 1937-1945, Hicksville, NY:Exposition Press, 1977.
3His sheng Chi, Nationalist China at War : Military Defeats and Political Collapse, 1937-1945, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1982.
4Lloyd E. Eastman, Seeds of Destruction: Nationalist China in War Revolution, Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1984.
5"holistie approach ".Steven I. Levine, "Introduction", in James C. Hsiung and Steven I. Levine eds. , China's Bitter Victory: The War with Japan, 1937-1945, Armonk,NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1992, xxii.
6John K. Fairbank and Albert Feuerwerker eds., The Cambridge History of China, Vol. 13, part 2, Cambridge,Eng. ~ Cambridge University Press, 1986.
7John H. Boyle, China and Japan at War, 1937-1945 : The Politics of Collaboration , Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1972.352-354.
8Gerald E. Bunker, The Peace Conspiracy: Wang Ching-Wei and the China War, 1937-1941 , Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1972.
9Lincoln Li, The Japanese Army in North China,1937-1941: Problems of Political and Economic Control, Tokyo: Oxford University Press, 1975.
10Lloyd E. Eastman, "Facets of an Ambivalent Relationship: Smuggling Puppets, and Atrocities During the War, 1937-1945", in Aklra Iriye ed., The Chinese and the Japanese.
