中国沈阳髋部骨折的流行病学研究

An epidemiological study of hip fractrue in Shenyang,China

本研究的目的是调查分析沈阳人群（１９９４年人口为３１９５０４６）髋部骨折的发病率及其流行病学特点。研究材料是从沈阳市３５个医院的病案室或住院部收集的髋部骨折（股骨颈骨折和股骨粗隆部骨折）病例记录。结果显示：１９９４年沈阳市５０岁以上人口发生髋部骨折４５３例，男性为２４７例，女性为２０６例。总发病率为７４．０／１０００００，男性为８０．８／１０００００，女性为６７．２／１０００００（Ｐ＞０．０５）。男性发病率在６０岁以上明显增加，然而，这种现象在女性不明显。总髋部骨折发病率的男／女比为１．２。髋部骨折患者的平均年龄为６７．２±９．５（男性为６７．５±９．８，女性为６６．９±９．０）。骨折类型有性别差异（Ｐ＜０．００１），股骨颈骨折／粗隆骨折比，女性为３．２，男性为１．６。季节影响髋部骨折的发生（Ｐ＜０．０００１），冬季和夏季髋部骨折发生人数较多，夏季意外事故引起的骨折明显增加，冬季摔倒引起的骨折较多。

The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence rate and epidemiology of hip fracture in Shenyang, China (total population3 195 046)in 1994 using medical records of hip fracture collected from 35 hospitals in Shenyang. The hip fractures were classified as cervical (intracapsular) or trochanteric(extracapsular). There were a total of 453 hip fractures in the population over 50 years of age in Shenyang in 1994. The crude incidence rate of hip fracture was 74.0/100 000(80.8/100 000 for males and 67.2/100 000 for females). A significant increase in incidence rates was found for males in the age groups above 60 but not in females though there was also an increase in incidence rate with age in females. The overall male to female ratio of hip fracture was 1.2. The mean age of patients with hip fracture was 67.2±9.5 years(67.5±9.8 years for males and 66.9±9.0 years for females). There was sex difference in the type of hip fractures. The ratios of cervical to trochanteric fractures were 3.2 in females and 1.6 in males respectively (P<0.001). There were seasonal variations in the number of hip fracture with increases in the winter and the summer(P<0.001). Hip fractures caused by accidents increased in the summer. Falls were the main cause of hip fracture in the winter.