气管切开术有关的应用解剖

Applied anatomy on tracheotomy

在55具成人尸体标本上,对气管颈段及其前方有关结构进行了解剖观察。在气管切开术体位时,成人气管颈段有7～11个气管软骨环,其中8、9个环者共占72.7%。甲状腺峡部位于第1～5气管软骨环之间平面,峡部下缘低于第4环平面者占7.8%。位于颈段气管前方的结构还有甲状腺最下动脉(18.2%)、胸腺(7.3%)、头臂干(5.5%)、左无名静脉(3.6%)、主动脉弓(3.6%)、右颈总动脉及右锁骨下动脉(1.8%)等。阐述和讨论了其临床解剖要点。推荐水平式气管切开术。

The cervical part of trachea and the relative structures in front were observed in 55 adult ca-davers.In tracheotomy position,there are 7～11 tracheal rings in the region(72.7% of themwith 8～9 rings).Thyroid isthmus is located at the level from 1 to 5 tracheal rings(7.8% ofthem covering the 4th and 5th rings).Other structrues appearing in front of trachea were also ob-served,such as the lowest thyroid artery(18.2%),the thymus gland(7.3%),the brachio-cephalic trund(5.5%),the left inncomiate vein (3.6%),the aortic arch(3.6%),and the rightcommon craotid and right subclaian arteries(1.8%).Based on the anatomical study,tracheoto-my by horizontal tracheal incision was suggested