草原灭鼠后鼠类群落演替的研究

A Study on Succession of Rodent community Grassland after Chemical Control

1987和1988年4～5月,用0.05%杀鼠灵小麦毒饵在天然草场上同一个试验区灭鼠,每年灭鼠800公顷,对照区1987年平均捕获率57.49±1.58%,布氏田鼠占95.59%,鼠类群落由布氏田鼠+黑线毛足鼠+达乌尔黄鼠+五趾跳鼠+黑线仓鼠等组成。1988年平均捕获率为21.31±1.09%,布氏田鼠占94.87%,鼠类群落组成与1987年相同。1989年鼠密度降低,平均捕获率为4.56±0.78%,鼠类群落演替为黑线毛足鼠+黑线仓鼠+五趾跳鼠+长爪沙鼠+布氏田鼠。灭鼠区,1987年灭鼠前布氏田鼠占优势,为92.00%,鼠类群落组成与对照区相同,5月灭鼠,当月捕获率为0.76%,黑线毛足鼠占50.00%,布氏田鼠下降,该月鼠类群落组成变为黑线毛足鼠+布氏田鼠+五趾跳鼠+达乌尔鼠兔。灭鼠可引起鼠类群落演替,其过程与自然演替相同。

Rodent pests were controlled in the same experimental site in Xilinguole natural steppe using warfarin (0.05%) in April to May 1987-1988. The area controlled was 800 ha. each year.In contrast site, mean capture rate of total species in 1987 was 57.49±1.58%, and the numbers of Microtus brandti accounted for 95.59%. The rodent community was Microtus brandti+Phodopus sungorus+Citellus douricus+Allactaga sibirica+Cricetulus barabensis. The mean capture rate of total species in 1988 was 21.31±1.09% and the numbers of M. brandti accounted for 94.87%. The rodent community was the same as in 1987. The mean capture rate of total species in 1989 decreased and it was 14.56±0.78%. The community became P. sungorus+C. barabensis+A. sibirica+Meriones unguiculatus+M. brandti.In contraolledt site, the dominant species was M. brandti and it accounted for 92.00% before controlling in 1987. The community composition was the same as in contrast site at this time. After controlled by chemical rodenticide in May the total capture rate was 0.76%. The numbers of M. brandti decreased, while the numbers of P. sungorus increased and it accounted for 50.00%. The Community became P. sungorus+M. brandti+A.sibirica+Ochotona daurica.As a result, we conclude that control using chemical rodentieide can cause stteeession of rodent community and the process is the same as natural succession.