阴极射线管显示器不同屏显字符形状和颜色特征的识别工效的比较研究

A Comparative Study on the Detection Effi-ciency of the Shape and Color Characteristic ofdifferent Characters Presented on the CRTDisplay

本实验研究用数字、汉字、飞机图标和几何图形比较了颜色编码、形状编码及颜色和形状双重编码的检测工效。在阴极射线管（ＣＲＴ）显示器屏幕的９个固定位置（３×３矩阵）上同时显示同一形状不同颜色、同一颜色不同形状或颜色和形状都不相同的３、６或９个字符，让被试按颜色、形状或同时按颜色和形状找出一目标字符，并按压键标数字与所找字符显示位置号相同的键。每个字符在各个位置的显示概率是相等的，显示的先后次序是随机的。字符的显示、目标字符的检测时间和错误率由计算机系统程序控制，实时计算和打印记录。结果表明，就检测工效而言，颜色编码优于颜色和形状双重编码，后者又优于形状编码；目标字符的检测时间随同时显示字符的数量的增加而增长，并得到了从同时显示的３、６、９个字符中按不同特征检测目标字符的搜索一识别时间和包括按键操作在内的目标检测时间。

he detection efficiency of the color coding,the shape coding and the double coding of colorand shape is comparatively studied in this ex-periment with different characters. 3,6 or 9characters with the same shape and differentcolors or with the same color and differentshapes or with the different colors and shapesare presented simultaneously on 9 fixed positions(3 ×3 matrix)of the screen of CRT display,andeach position is numbered.The subjects areasked to detect the target character by the color,the shape or both the color and the shape, and topress the numerical key,whose numeral is iden-tical with the number of position on which thetarget is presented.The presentation of thecharacter,the calculation of the detection time oftarget character and the mistake rate and theirprinting record are controlled by the computerprogram. The results show that the color codingis better than the double coding of color andshape,and the latter is better than the shapecoding for the detection efficiency of visual tar-get; the detection time increases with the incre-ment of the number of characters presented si-multaneously and both the time need for search-ing discrimination of the target character andthe detection time including the press of the keyare determined.