1992年棉铃虫暴发危害的特点及成因分析

Causality Exploration for Cotton Bollworm Plague Occurred in China and Its Solutlion Strategy

1992年棉铃虫在我国南北棉区暴发成灾,发生期早、虫量高,持续危害时间长、发生危害面积广、侵害作物种类多、经济损失大,均创历史记录。分析认为大暴发与棉铃虫周期性发生规律、远距离间歇性迁飞、作物间转移危害、大范围抗药性形成、农田作物的布局和耕作改制、及适宜的气候条件等有关。提出了加强虫情监测、适期依照防治指标防治、栽培与耕作措施、物理诱杀、保护利用自然天敌、应用新型杀虫剂、科学地轮用和使用混剂、改进施药技术、防治桥梁寄主等抗性棉铃虫综合防治技术,以及研究棉铃虫灾害性异常暴发的天文成因、大区间迁飞危害规律、作物间转移为害习性、抗虫性棉花品资创新与选育、高效防治手段的开发研制等长期的减灾策略。

There was an extremely destructive outbreak of Heliothis armigera (Hubner) in China in 1992, The occurrence of cotton boliworm in the year precded by 10～15 days, the number of eggs and lqrvae in the 1st to 4th generation of the bollworm exceeded the average reoord of this pest number in previous years by 10 to 20 folds and, unexpeotedly, an imcomplete 5th generation of the bollworm occurred in Yellow River cotton-growing region. The damage duration in cotton field for 2nd to 4th geueration was one and an half times as long as common years. The total acreage of cotton fields attacked by cotton bollworm exceed 3 million ha., accounting for 65% of the national cotton planting area,and the estimated yield losses were 1.2 to 1.5 million tons of lint which were not ever been recorbeb in cotton planting history in China and even in the world. The available control techniques of cotton IPM against cotton bollworm, such as accurate monitoring/forecasting of occurrence and number, control decision-making according to economic thresholds in the key stages of the pest, cultural control, preservation and utilization of natural enemies, applcation of new pesticides, proper pesticide mixtures and synergists, improvement of pesticide-spraying techniques, cuting off sources of cotton bollworm on other crops were propsed, and the long-term management strategy of disaster reduction in research of cotton bollworm, such as tile astronomical causes of peroid outbreak tendenoy in heliothis, the tegulations of facultative long-range migration,the behavior of cotton bollworm transference, among different host plants, selection and implementation of resistant cotton cultivar to cotton bollworm, development of new pestioide varieties and formulations possessing high effect against cotton bollworm were discussed.