谷物粉尘对接尘工人呼吸系统影响的调查

Epidemiologic Survey of Respiratory Disturbances in Grain Elevator Workers in Shenyang

本文对沈阳市某粮库进行了一次现场卫生学调查和接尘工人流行病学调查,发现该库生产环境空气中粉尘浓度超过国家标准,焦磷酸重量法测定粉尘中游离SiO_2含量均在10％以上。接尘工人各种呼吸道症状阳性率较高,慢性支气管炎患病率为29.30％(吸烟者为30.50％,不吸烟者为22.45％),谷物热发病率为15.61％。接尘工人FVC、V_(75)、V_(50)和V_(25)的异常率均非常显著地高于对照组。急性肺功能改变,接尘工龄不足10年组较10年以上组更明显,38例胸片无一例可诊断为尘肺。

To attempt to assess the hazard of expo-sure to grain dust, a study was made includinga sucvey of labour hygiene and respiratoryabnormalities in grain elevator workers. The results indicated that all dust samples exceededthe MAC in this oountry, the free silica con-tent of the samples of settled dust from eleva-tor was found to be over 10%. 61.47% of grainworkers complained of one or more respira-tory symptoms on exposure to grain dust. Theincidence of chronic bronchitis was 30.50% ofgrain workers who smoked and 22.45% ofnonsmokers. 15.61% of the workers had hadepisodes of grain fever. The frequency of ab-normal lung function for FVC, V_(75), V_(50),and V_(25) was greater among grain workersthan control group. The incidence of abnormallung function increases with increasing dura-tion of exposure to grain dust. For the acuteeffect on lung function, however the workersexposed to grain dust under 10 years showedmore changes than those with longer expo-sure. No significant changes compalible withthe diagnosis of pneumoconiosis were found inany of the chest films of the grain workers.