化工系统四十年急性职业中毒死亡分析

Analysis of D?ath Causes of Acute Occupational Intoxication in Chinese Chemical Industry during the Period 1949～1988

本文对化工系统解放以来急性职业中毒死亡资料进行汇总和分析。40年中,急性中毒死亡705人,以20～40岁男性为主。引起死亡毒物计46种,以刺激性和窒息性气体为多见。按致死人数排列前10位的毒物为一氧化碳、硫化氢、氮气(窒息)、氮氧化物、氨、氯气、光气、苯、二氧化碳和二氧化硫,其中一氧化碳中毒死亡344例,占全部死亡人数的48.79％。中毒死亡事故的原因以违章操作最为突出。本资料表明,急性职业中毒在化工工伤死亡中占相当比例,必须采取综合防治措施,以杜绝中毒事故发生。

Workers (705) died of acute occupational in-toxication in the whole chemical industryduring the period 1949～1988. Most of themwere males aged 20～40. toxic chemicals(46)which caused the accidental dearth were lisied.Among them, death cases induced by acutecarbon monoxide poisoning were 344, first po-sition of the list. The various causes of indus-trial accidents were discussed and the neces-sary preventive measures were proposed.