关于信用证欺诈例外的若干问题研究

A Research on Several Issues relating to the Exception of L/C Cheat

信用证的独立性 (或自主性 )原则是信用证体系赖以生存和发展的根本性原则 ,依据该原则信用证及相关的单据与合同交易是分离的。但是这种机制为受益人从事欺诈行为创造了条件 ,基于此 ,各国逐渐地发展了遏制信用证欺诈的重要制度———信用证欺诈例外。本文拟对欺诈例外的涵义及特征作一分析 ,并就欺诈例外适用中的何谓“欺诈”、欺诈例外适用的排除、开证行应如何应对欺诈例外、欺诈例外与法院禁付令的关系等重要问题进行探讨 ,并在评论我国司法实践中存在的问题的基础上 ,就我国相关法制的完善问题作一思考。

The letter of credit system allows the beneficiary to secure payment without having to submit to scrutiny of whether it has fulfilled its contractual duties with the applicant. This is referred to as the principle of independence (or autonomy). However, an exception to the principle of independence has been recognized in the cases of fraud on the part of the beneficiary. The purpose of this paper is to: (a) analyze the development and the nature of the fraud exception; (b) deal with 'fraud' defined, the exception of the fraud exception, the duties of the issuing bank once fraud is alleged, alleging fraud and seeking injunction; (c) review the practice of China's courts applying the principle of the fraud exception, and suggest alternatives to perfect the legal system of the fraud exception.