日本的私营铁道发展历程及其对中国城市铁道建设的启示

Developing History of Private Railway in Japan and Its Lesson to China′s Urban Railway Construction

本研究的目的是要揭示私营铁道在日本的成功之道 ,为中国在发展市场经济和承认私有制的环境下发展私营铁道提供理论和实际依据。分析了私营铁道在日本从 1 9世纪 70年代以来的成长历程 ,考察了他们的投资体系和经营方法。发现城市化为私营铁道创造了可观的市场 ,私有资本完全可能在城市化过程中投资城市铁道客运业。同时指出政府扶持和多种经营是私营铁道成长和与汽车化抗争所必备的条件。最后 ,借鉴日本的经验为私营铁道在中国得以出现和发展提供了几点建议。

This study aims to point out the successes of private railway in Japan and offer theoretical and actual evidences for China to develop its private railway in the context of its market economy and approval of private ownership.The authors analyze the history of Japan's private railway and review its financial and management systems.It is found that urbanization induces enough market for urban railway and private railway could make success during urbabization.It is pointed out that government support and multiple businesses are necessary for private railway to develop and compete with motorization.Finally,by referring to Japan's experience, some suggestions for China to develop its private railway are presented.