1953年东德事件与美国对苏东“演变”战略的起源

Berlin Riots of 1953 and the Origins of U.S.Strategy of Peaceful Evolution toward the Soviet Bloc

研究冷战高潮时期苏东地区的重大政治事件与美国针对苏东内部事态的政策演进历程 ,有助于更准确地认识“演变”战略的起源与性质。本文所利用的档案材料表明 ,1 95 3年的东德事件对美国决策层初步反省原先过于露骨的旨在激发或助长苏东内部社会紧张乃至“造反”行动的“激变”战略 ,开始酝酿“演变”战略产生了重要影响。“演变”战略的特征在美国对东德事件的反应中已初露端倪。这一政策转变的原因 ,除了原有政策在实践中的弊端和斯大林之后苏东形势的变化 ,也与美国决策者的战略指导思想有关。

The examination of U.S. response to the political turbulence occurred in East Europe at the high tide of cold war will help to ascertain the origins and nature of the strategy of Peaceful Evolution. It was during and after the Berlin Riots of 1953 that Eisenhower Administration began to redress its policy towards the internal situations of the Soviet bloc and came to regarded peaceful evolution as a more feasible strategy to change the system and behavior of its adversaries.The factors that led to this transformation of policy include not only the dilemma of the former strategy and the changing situations in Soviet Union and East Europe,but also the strategic thinkings of American policy makers.