语义特征及其分析的客观基础

Semantic Feature and the Objective Base of Semantic Analysis

在同样句法位置上的一组实词所具有的或与这些实词密切相关的语义因素 ,如义素、感情色彩、预设意义、情状意义、语用意义、推断意义等对这些实词或这些实词所在的句法结构的形式会产生影响 ,借助这些语义因素可以对有关的语法形式做出解释 ,这就是汉语语法研究中的语义特征分析。这种方法的客观基础是组合关系与聚合关系之间的依存关系、语法形式和语法意义之间的对应关系 ,这样的客观基础决定了这种方法是静态的、离散的 ,只能解决句法结构内部的问题。

A group of content words in the same syntactic position have similar meaning, such as semantic features, figurative meaning, presupposition, situation, pragmatic and inference meanings. These meanings influence the grammatical form of the content words and the phrases involved in content words. With these semantic factors, we can explain some grammatical forms. That is the semantic analysis in the study of Chinese grammar. This method relies on the dependency of syntagmatic and paradigmatic relation, the correlation between grammatical form and meaning. These two kinds of relationship make the method static and discrete. It can only be applied to the internal structure of syntax.