6Ruhl J. Bartlett, The Record of American Diplomacy, New York, 1956.
7Walter Lafeber. The New Empire: An Interpretation of American Expansion. 1860 - 1898, Comell University Press.1980.p.372. p. 375.
8William Appleman Williams, The Tragedy of American Diplomacy, Cheve-land and New York, 1959, p.30, p.31.
9American Apollo, I, Part Ⅲ, 3 (January 20, 1792)p.21, See Edward D. Graham, American Ideas of A Special Relationship with China, 1784- 1900', Garland Publishing, Inc.New York & London 1988, p.2.
10Charles S. Champbell, Jr., The Transformation of American Foreign Relations, 1860-1990, New York, 1976, p. 85.
