军事立法若干问题探析

Some Problems Concerning Military Legislation

军事立法是指一定的国家机关依照法定的职权和程序制定、认可、修改和废止军事法律规范的活动。军事立法主体 ,主要有四个层次 :(1)全国人大及人大常委会 ;(2 )国务院和中央军事委员会 ;(3)国务院各部委、中央军委各总部 ;(4 )各军兵种、军区。军事立法的形式主要有 :(1)宪法军事条款 ;(2 )军事法律 ;(3)军事行政法规 ;(4 )军事法规 ;(5 )军事行政规章 ;(6 )军事规章 ;(7)国际军事约章。军事立法程序是指一定的国家机关在制定、认可、修改和废止军事法律规范的活动中所必须遵循的步骤和手续。根据军事法律规范效力的不同 ,其立法程序也不同。军事立法冲突是指不同的国家机关之间制定的军事法律规范互相抵触和互相矛盾的现象。对此应依据 (1)上位法优先原则 ;(2 )特别法、新法优先原则 ;(3)裁决适用原则 ;(4 )备案审查原则 ;(5 )申请审查原则予以解决。

Military legislation refers to the establishing,recognizing,amending and abandoning of military legal norms in accordance with authorized power and procedure carried out by national authorities.The military legislative subject includes:(1)the National Congress and the Standing Committee of the National Congress;(2)the State Council and the Central Military Committee;(3)all the Ministries in the State Council and all the General Department in the Central Military Committee;(4) all the Armed Services and Military Areas.The main forms of the military legislation refer to:(1)the military articles in the constitution;(2)the military law;(3)the military administrative regulations;(4)the military legal regulations;(5)the military administrative rules;(6)the military rules;(7)the international military treaties.The procedure of military legislation refers to the process and steps being taken in the establishing,recognizing,amending and abandoning of military legal norms carried out by the national authorities. The legislative procedure varies in accordance with the effectiveness variation of military legal norms.The conflicts of military legislature refers to the phenemenon of contradiction between military legal norms,they should be resolved according to following priciples:(1)the above law being prior ;(2)the specific and new law being prior;(3)adapting to trial practice;(4)prepared for examination;(5)applying for examination.