论景观生态学在观光农业规划设计中的应用

USING LANDSCAPE ECOLOGY IN REGIONAL TOURISM AGRICULTURAL PLANNING AND DESIGN

景观生态学主要诞生于地理学与生态学之间的交叉,是个新的学科方向,虽其历史短近,但因生态整体性为核心的认识论与空间异质性分析为主的方法论的有机结合的特色,目前正步人越来越多的应用领域。依笔者之见,以各类特色农业景观为资源基础的观光农业,在规划设计的实践中因涉及问题的宏观空间性、关联性及综合性等,具有充分应用景观生态学原理和方法的理论可靠性。

Landscape ecology is a new discipline between geography and ecology. Its theoretical focus-es are spatial heterogeneity and ecological holism. The ultimate aim of planning and design of tourism agricultural landscape is the harmonious relation between human and its environment, that is. the human ecological holism. The study on tourism agriculture deals usually with an ex-tensive area, and the realization of results of its planning and design must depend on a spatial approach. Therefore, landscape ecology could be taken as the theoretical foundation of tourism agricultural planning and design. Landscape ecology belongs to the macro-scale ecological study. It is different from the ecosystem ecology with spatial and temporal scales. To Landscape ecologists, the landscape refers to a cluster of ecosystems with a repeating pattern in a heteroge-neous area. Its spatial scale is significantly larger than that of ecosystem ecology and similar to that of the regional planning practice. The primary scope of landscape ecology are similar to that of the regional planning practice. Although the primary scope of landscape ecology is the land-scape, the discipline also considers other systems with larger or smaller scales. It is a universal means for describing the landscape mosaic that classified landscape spatial units into patch, cor-ridor and matrix, and it facilitates the landscape studies by other disciplines (mathematics, in-formation theory, etc. ). The matrix presents a landscape spatial element with a extensive space, and plays the main role in determining landscape function. The corridor is a linear spatial element of landscape, its function is effects on various landscape ecological processes. The patch is a non-linear spatial element of landscape, and its function presents providing habitat islands for species. This spatial classification facilitates to describe landscape spatial structure, analysis the relation between landscape pattern and process, and the utilization of GIS(Geographical In-formation System).In the planning and design of tourism agriculture, effects of landscape ecol-ogy are follows :1. Landscape ecology provides the planners and designers with a conceptual framework, and with a lot of landscape ecological principals, especially the spatial and temporal scale, hier-archy, and interactions between landscape patterns and processes.2. Landscape ecology provides a set of tools, methods, data and experiences to the planners and designers. For example, factual geometry can be applied to landscape boundaries, the inter-actions between shape and size, etc.The planning and design of tourism agrolandscapes is a comprehensive methodology. Its content includes four interrelated parts, studies on patterns and processes of tourism agroland-scape. a ecological assessment of tourism agrolandscape units, a reasonable arrangement of tourism agrolandscape patterns and managing proposals for a sustainable tourism agrolandscape. These are related to all aspects of theoretical and applied and applied landscape ecology. Finally, Shuanglong National Scenic Region is taken as a case study.