论辽代的平地松林与千里松林——兼论燕北地区辽代的自然景观

NATURE LANDSCAPE OF THE NORTH YANSHAN MOUNTAINS REGION IN THE LIAO DYNASTY

根据历史文献记载,结合现代植被生态学的研究成果,讨论了辽代燕北地区的自然景观特点。论证了历史文献中“平地松林”、“千里松林”两个概念的地理内涵、群落构成,以及各自的空间分布范围。并对辽代科尔沁沙地及其周边地区的自然景观也做了比较客观的复原。

The North Yanshan Mountains Region lies on the eastern part of the Inner Mongolia Au-tonomous Region, which adjacent to the furthest northern part of Hebei Province. This area be-longs to the semi-arid temperate zone, the climate of it is dry and windy, and the local eco-envi-ronment is vulnerable and sensitive.The North Yanshan Mountains region consists of three distinctive natural geographic dis-tricts. To the east is the Horqin Sandland, to the west is the mountainous region of Da Xing An Ling-Ji Bei Shan Di, and the loess hilly area locates in the middle. The problems of desertifi-cation and soil erosion are very serious, specially in the eastern and middle districts of the re-search region.Some scholars insisted that the current environmental problems mainly caused by people's unreasonable land utilization, such as cutting down trees, over grazed and over cultivated, etc. They thought in the past this region was covered by luxuriate forests, which was called Ping Di Song Lin (the needleleaf forests growing on ground) or Qian Li Song Lin (the needleleaf forests stretching out one thousand li). The regional environment during that time was excellent and no desert or sandland existed at all.Based on analysis the data of history books, travels, local history, and the surveys of mod-ern biology and ecology, the author reconstructed this region's nature landscape in the Liao Dy-nasty, it existed from the tenth century to eleventh century. The research suggested that the natural landscape of that time is similar to present.According to the research. Ping Di Song Lin was completely different from Qian Li Song Lin. Ping Di Song Lin consisted of two patches of needleleaf forests, one located on the upper reaches of the Xar Moron River and the other distributed on the eastern side of Da Xing An Ling Mountains. Qian Li Song Ling was much bigger than Ping Di Song Lin, which not only included PDSL but also contained the forests growing in Da Xing An Ling ?Ji Bei Shan Di Mountains. PDSL and QLSL were completely different geographical concepts.Both PDSL and QLSL mainly distributed in the western mountain area of the research re-gion. In the Liao Dynasty the nature landscape of Horqin sandland was almost as the same as present, which was shaped mainly by natural forces. The people's activities only had a little im-pact on the regional geographic characteristics.