清代陕西岁时民俗的区域差异

THE REGIONAL DISCREPANCY OF THE FOLK CUSTOMS IN SHAANXI DURING QING DYNASTY

清代陕西省岁时民俗的空间特征,发现岁时节日在省内不同地区节庆活动的内容有所不同,节日时间也存在一定的差异。因而认为清代陕西省存在着陕北、关中、陕南三个岁时民俗区。南北自然条件的不同、移民及其他文化因素的差异导致了清代陕西岁时民俗三大区域的形成。

The procession of the seasons and folk customs is one of the major contents of cultural geo-graphical sutdy. There were some different contents about the procession of the seasons and folk customs in different areas in shaanxi province during Qing Dynasty, and there also existed some discrepancies in the aspect of the date of festival. Therefore, Shaanxi province can be divd-ed into three regions of the procession of the seasons and folk customs, namely. Northern, Cen-tral , and Southern during Qing Dynasty.The region of Northern Shaanxi, including Yan'an, Yulin, Suide, and Luochuan states and Fu county which located in northern Fu state, had the obvious features that Jizao (offering a sacrifice to kitchen god) was held at night on December, 23 (lunar calendar), and Huotata (a tower-like shaped with coal) was burned to fete the Festival on the 15th day of the first lunar month. While in Central Shaanxi, inculding Xi'an, Tongzhou, Fengxiang, Bin, Qian states, and south Fu State, the local people not only generally lit the special lamps which were made of wheat flour everywhere in their houses, but also celebrated Butian Festival (mending heaven festival) on the 20 th day of the first lunar month. especially in northern parts of this area at the same time. In Southern Shaanxi, Jizao was on the 24 th day of the first lunar month, and there existed another custom, dragon-boat race (the 5th day of the 5th lunar month) along Han River, which became a different feature compared with Northern and Central Shaanxi regions.The formation of regional discrrpancy of the procession of the seasons and folk customs in Shaanxi had close relations with local natural conditions, migration, and cultural tradition, it was also important factor that had cause regional discrepancy of cultural landscape in Shaanxi.